PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.